Air quality is essential for maintaining your home throughout the year. Poor air quality can cause various health issues ranging from minor allergies to fatal diseases, so it is important to use and upkeep reliable furnace and air purifier filters.
What is a MERV Rating?
The MERV, or Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, is an industry-standard rating system of a filter’s ability to capture various particles. It derives from a testing method formulated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
MERV ratings range from 1 to 20. As the MERV rating increases, so does the filter’s ability and efficiency to capture smaller microparticles. All MERV filters are ideal for capturing large and medium-sized particles like pollen and dust. Higher-rated MERV filters can also capture microparticles between 0.3 to 10 microns in size.
FPR, or Filter Performance Rate, is another rating system that compares MERV ratings through independent labs, testing a MERV filter’s efficiency in capturing airborne particles. This rating system was developed and is only used by Home Depot. The FPR rating system ranges from 4 to 10.
What is an MPR Rating?
While MPR filters use a similar design as MERV filters, their measurements and testing methods are more specialized. The MPR, or Microparticle Performance Rating, is a system formulated by the company Filtrete 3M. It is a dedicated rating system for measuring a filter’s ability to capture microparticles. While the testing method for their rating system is unknown, Filtrete’s filter technology has made them a household name for designing quality filters.
MPR ratings range from 300 to 2800 and are better equipped to efficiently catch smaller microparticles as the rating increases. All MPR filters are dedicated to capturing microparticles ranging from 0.3 to 1 micron in size.

Data sourced from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Filtrete.
How Small is a Micron?
Both MPR and MERV rating systems use microns (μn) to measure the diameter of an airborne particle. The smaller the particle, the harder it is for filters to capture, making the three measurement ranges of microparticles tricky to catch.
E1 range measures 0.3 to 1 micron and is the Most Penetrating Particle Size (MPPS) and the most difficult size for filters to capture. The second and third most difficult ranges for filters to capture are E2, which measures 1 to 3 microns, and E3, which measures between 3 and 10 microns. For reference, the diameter of a human hair is 60 microns, which is about six times larger than the largest microparticle size range. This puts into perspective how microscopic a micron is since it is too small to be seen with the naked eye.
What are the Best MPR and MERV Filters?
There are a couple of factors to consider when deciding which filters are the best. While it may seem obvious to assume that the highest-rated filter is the best in every situation, that is not always the case.
The best filter depends on an air cleaner’s size, age, power capacity, and air quality levels or environmental factors. Therefore, using a MERV 20 or MPR 2800 filter for your residential furnace system might not be the best decision. A higher-rated filter will have less airflow, requiring your air cleaning system to use more power and possibly straining older systems, causing damage over time.

How to Select a Furnace Filter
Finding a middle ground between particle capture efficiency and airflow is where you will find the best filter. However, it will depend on your system and air quality preference. Some people with newer and heavy-duty HVAC systems may prioritize particle capture rate over energy efficiency due to environmental factors that lower air quality or environments like hospitals that need sterile air quality. Others may prioritize the opposite, favoring lower-rated but more energy-efficient filters for ecological or financial reasons, and choose to use supplemental air cleaners to maintain healthy air quality.
Selecting the correct filter size is just as important, if not more so, than choosing the ideal filter rating. While it is true that thicker filters can hold more particulate matter than thinner filters, selecting a filter with the correct size and thickness based on your air cleaner specifications protects both particle capture efficiency and energy efficiency. This is why it is essential to be like Goldilocks and find the filter that fits your system “just right.” With this in mind, when shopping for a new filter it’s important to start your search by filtering by the filter size compatible with your air cleaner.
For those who prioritize capture efficiency due to pet dander, allergies, pollution, or other air quality concerns and have a heavy-duty HVAC system, this 1-inch-thick Nordic Pure MERV 12 Filter would be a high-grade filter for furnaces compatible with this sized filter. However, due to its restricted airflow, this filter would not be the most energy-efficient solution. In this case, a 3M Filtrete 1200 MPR Filter would provide more balanced filtration that requires less energy while still capturing a significant amount of air pollution.

Why are HEPA Filters Considered the Best?
HEPA, or High-Efficiency Particulate Air filters (named by the U.S. Department of Energy), are some of the most effective and efficient air filters available. Their ratings are more specialized and efficient than MPR and MERV filters.
HEPA filters, which have a pleated mechanical air filter design similar to MERV and MPR filters, capture 99.97 percent of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria, other airborne particles, and microparticles as small as 0.3 microns. Although their rating system differs from that of MPR and MERV filters, HEPA filters are commonly known as the most efficient in capturing airborne particles. The higher-rated HEPA filters are often used in high-trafficked or clinical settings, such as hospitals.
Why are MPR and MERV Ratings Important?
MPR and MERV ratings determine a filter’s efficiency in capturing various-sized pollution and particle matter, which, if left alone, lowers air quality and potentially causes health issues. The higher the rating for MERV and MPR filters, the more particles are captured more efficiently. Air quality improves as the percentage of particulate matter decreases thanks to reliable and high-grade filters.
Most filters use either MPR or MERV ratings, but some Filtreat 3M filters utilize both rating systems to further clarify their effectiveness in filtering small and hard-to-catch particles of dangerous pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 before they affect the air quality and your health.
While MERV and MPR-rated filters are great, it is essential to check what filter ratings are compatible with your HVAC or air purification system before investing in high-grade MERV or MPR filters. Not all systems are compatible with higher-rated MERV or MPR filters, and it’s best to use the filter rating specified by your air cleaning system. If it is compatible, it will require more power to counter the restricted airflow caused by the filter and lower its energy efficiency.
How to Implement a Filter Schedule?
Keeping up with a filter routine can be challenging, especially since filters are often out of sight and lack physical indicators for when they need to be replaced. For some, replacing the filter promptly and consistently might be more difficult than knowing what filter to use. Here are some helpful tips and tricks to know how often your filter needs to be changed and how to stay on top of your filter replacements.

Set a Reminder
The easiest way to stay on top of your filter replacement is to create a schedule based on the filter’s recommended life expectancy. This can be done by creating monthly reminders via your smartphone, smart assistants like Alexa or Google, or signing up for reminder programs like the Filrete 365 email reminder program.
Most filters include a life expectancy on their packaging; however, it is important to know that the life expectancy may be prone to changes depending on the environment and the intensity of work the filter does.
In the case of missing or unreadable packaging, the average life expectancy for most filters is the following:
- 1 to 3-Inch Thick Filters: Usually last about 1 to 3 months.
- 3 to 4+ Inch Thick Filters: Should be replaced about every 6 to 9 months.
- HEPA filters: Can last for up to 6 to 12 months.
If you own pets, live in a dry, dusty, smoggy, or allergy-prone environment, or lack consistent or manageable cleaning, filters may need to be replaced more frequently than recommended. In that case, the best way to know is to install a reliable air quality monitor to keep track of your air quality and replace filters when the quality lowers.
Still Have Questions?
Talk with our experts at 1-800-934-9194 or email us at experts@sylvane.com with any questions or additional assistance finding the products that best fit your needs.